How Long It Takes to Get US Citizenship After Marriage

If you’re considering US citizenship through marriage, the timeline and process can be intricate. The journey can be surprisingly lengthy, but understanding each step can help streamline the process. Here’s a deep dive into what to expect.

Understanding the Basics

The first step in the process is getting a green card (lawful permanent residence). Typically, if you’re married to a US citizen, you’re eligible for a green card based on your marital status. This process is usually faster compared to other green card pathways, thanks to the immediate relative category for spouses of US citizens.

Green Card Application Process

1. Filing Form I-130: Your US citizen spouse will need to file Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative. This establishes the legitimacy of your marriage. The processing time for Form I-130 varies but generally takes about 7 to 12 months.

2. Applying for a Green Card: Once Form I-130 is approved, you can apply for a green card. If you’re inside the US, you will file Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. This can take around 8 to 14 months to process. If you’re outside the US, you’ll go through consular processing, which typically takes about 6 to 12 months.

Conditional Residence and Removal of Conditions

If your marriage is less than two years old when you get your green card, it will be conditional. You’ll need to file Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence, within the 90-day period before your two-year anniversary. This step is crucial as it converts your conditional green card into a permanent one. Processing for Form I-751 usually takes about 12 to 18 months.

Naturalization: Becoming a US Citizen

1. Eligibility for Naturalization: After having your green card for three years (and maintaining continuous residence and physical presence), you can apply for US citizenship. This is possible if you’re still married to the same US citizen and meet all other eligibility criteria.

2. Filing Form N-400: The next step is to file Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. The processing time for this form is approximately 8 to 12 months.

3. Naturalization Test and Interview: You will be required to take a civics test and an interview as part of the naturalization process. This step helps determine your knowledge of US government and history. The interview is usually scheduled a few months after your Form N-400 is processed.

4. Oath of Allegiance: Upon passing the test and interview, you’ll be scheduled for an oath ceremony. Once you take the Oath of Allegiance, you officially become a US citizen.

Overall Timeline

Summing up, from marriage to becoming a US citizen, the entire process can take approximately 5 to 7 years, depending on individual circumstances and processing times. Here’s a breakdown:

• Green Card Processing: 7 to 14 months (I-130 and I-485/Consular Processing)
• Conditional Residence Period: 2 years
• Removal of Conditions: 12 to 18 months
• Naturalization Application Processing: 8 to 12 months

Key Points to Remember

• Patience is Crucial: The process is lengthy and requires patience. Keeping track of all forms and deadlines is essential.
• Documentation: Proper documentation and following the guidelines carefully can help avoid delays.
• Seek Legal Advice: Consulting with an immigration attorney can provide personalized guidance and ensure that all requirements are met.

Conclusion

Navigating the path to US citizenship through marriage is complex, but knowing the steps and timelines can make the process more manageable. With careful planning and patience, you’ll be closer to achieving your goal of becoming a US citizen.